Which criteria are essential for justifying the use of deadly force?

The criteria of Capability, Intent, and Opportunity form the foundational framework for justifying the use of deadly force.

Capability refers to the assailant’s ability to inflict serious harm or death, indicating whether they have the means to pose a credible threat. Intent signifies the aggressor's will to cause harm, which is critical because a mere capability to cause harm does not justify the use of deadly force unless there is a clear intent to do so. Opportunity pertains to the assailant's situation that allows them to carry out their threat; even if someone has both capability and intent, they need to be in a position where they can enact that threat.

Together, these three elements ensure a thorough assessment of whether deadly force is necessary and justified in a given situation, as they help establish a clear and immediate threat that warrants such a severe response.